Both traumatic and degenerative injury can lead to cartilage defects. Depending on the degree of damage and patient age, the defects can be treated with cartilage transplants or joint replacement surgery. The femoral condyles are the two rounded prominences at the end of the femur; they are called the medial and the lateral femoral condyle, respectively. The motions of the condyles include rocking, gliding and rotating.
Any abnormal surface structure or cartilage damage can lead to cartilage breakdown and arthritis loss of cartilage padding. The Tibia meets the Femur at the knee in two areas on which the Femur rides.
This area called the Tibial Plateau is divided into a medial inside of your knee and a lateral outside part. The Patella is a bone that lies within the quadriceps tendon. It rides in the shallow groove over the front part of the Femur called the Trochlea.
The Patella acts as a lever arm to help the quadriceps muscle extend the knee. Several bones meet to form the knee joint; it consists of the femur, tibia, and patella. These bones are held together by ligaments, which connect two bones to each other, and tendons, which connect a muscle to a bone.
Articular Cartilage, also called Hyaline Cartilage, covers the joint surfaces where the femur, tibia, and patella articulate with each other.
This glistening white substance has the consistency of firm rubber but has very low friction to allow sliding motion with almost no resistance. With normal joint fluid for lubrication, the surface is more slippery than ice-on-ice and allows smooth and easy knee joint motion for decades. Hyaline cartilage is a tissue composed of Type II collagen and other special molecules, including glycosaminoglycans GAG , which help to attract water into the cartilage, giving it viscoelasticity to dampen shock and distribute forces to the bone underneath.
Embedded in this matrix are chondrocytes, living cells that initially produced the matrix, and now maintain it. Unfortunately, articular cartilage has a very low capacity for healing, since it does not contain blood vessels. Both superficial and full-thickness cartilage injuries may lead to progressive damage, similar to a pothole increasing in size with time, and can eventually end in osteoarthritis.
The larger the initial cartilage injury, the faster the potential progression of arthritis. Appearance of Cartilage Defect during Arthroscopy. Degenerative joint disease, unlike an isolated chondral defect, involves the entire joint although it may have originally started locally as a focal cartilage defect. Over time, the cartilage defect enlarges and is worn down to the underlying bone. Verify now. Toggle navigation. Institutional subscriptions support Language. Keep me signed in.
Forgot your password? Sign in with Facebook. Sign in with Apple. Medial condyle - Condylus medialis. Description The medial and lateral condyles form the proximal part of the body of femur, and articulate with the proximal part of tibia to form the femorotibial joint. The condyles are continued cranially by the trochlea of femur. Subscribe now Discover our subscription plans Subscribe. Manage cookies Accept. Cookie settings. Essential technical cookies Description.
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